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Novel toroidal propeller makes less noise than standard drones

From Superinnovators, 02/01/2023

Researchers from MIT Lincoln Laboratory have developed a torus-shaped propeller with reduced noise compared with standard straight propellers used on most drones.

With noise pollution concerns a major barrier to widespread drone use in populated urban areas, this innovation could help with greater adoption.

Here’s how the laboratory describe their innovation:

Key features

The toroidal propeller allows a small multirotor unpiloted aircraft, or drone, to operate more quietly than current drones that use propeller forms unchanged since the beginning of aviation.

By enabling a drone that is less of an acoustic annoyance, this propeller may accelerate the acceptance of such aircraft for a wide range of uses—for example, aerial deliveries, cinematography, industrial or infrastructure inspections, and agricultural monitoring.‘

Toroidal propeller drone prototype from above. Credit: MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Challenge

Small, multirotor remotely controlled aircraft, or drones, have been proposed for various services—package delivery, aerial photo/videography, search and rescue, and agricultural surveillance.

The low cost to manufacture and operate drones, and decreased carbon emissions make them attractive to commercial services.

Because drones can fly into tight spaces, such as urban neighborhoods, canyons, and disaster zones, they offer an alternative to sending humans into potentially dangerous areas.

One factor that has limited the deployment of drones for these varied uses is the noise that they generate.

Psychoacoustic experiments conducted in 2017 by NASA Langley Research Center1 showed that humans reported a higher level of sensitivity to noise produced by small multirotor drones than to noise from other traffic.

Thus, quieter propellers could accelerate public acceptance and commercial adoption of drones.‘

The comparison between conventional propellers used on DJI’s quadrotors (a) and the toroidal propeller (b) shows the significant reduction of discernible noise achieved by the toroidal propeller. Credit: MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Solution

Our quiet toroidal propeller consists of two blades looping together so that the tip of one blade curves back into the other.

This closed-form structure minimizes the drag effects of swirling air tunnels (i.e., vortices) created at the tips of blades and strengthens the overall stiffness of the propeller.

These features reduce the propeller’s acoustic signature.

Tests of prototype toroidal propellers on commercial quadcopters demonstrated thrust levels comparable to those of conventional propellers at similar power
levels.

Reduced sound levels allowed toroidal-propeller equipped drones to operate without taxing human
hearing at a distance half that of typical operation.’

Prototype toroidal propeller drone from side view. Credit: MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Links

https://twitter.com/MITLL/status/1611438712683958306

https://www.ll.mit.edu/sites/default/files/other/doc/2022-09/TVO_Technology_Highlight_41_Toroidal_Propeller.pdf

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